What is SQL and what is it used for?

When we talk about SQL, we are referring to Structured Query Language. It is the standard language used across the world for communicating with relational databases. If you imagine a database as a large digital filing system where information is stored in rows and columns, then SQL is the language you use to ask questions, make changes, and organise that information.

The idea behind SQL is very simple:

It allows you to tell the database what you want, and the database figures out the best way to give it to you. For example, you can request all students with more than 80% marks, all employees who joined after 2020, or the total sales for last month—and SQL handles the rest. In other words, SQL helps you interact with data in a meaningful and efficient way.

SQL is used for a variety of essential tasks such as:

• Retrieving data from a database using queries

• Inserting new information, such as adding a new student or customer

• Updating existing data, like changing an address or salary

• Deleting old or unnecessary records

• Creating and managing tables, indexes, and database structures

• Ensuring data accuracy through rules and constraints

• Handling multiple user requests safely and consistently

If you look around, almost every field relies on SQL in some way—banking, hospitals, education, e-commerce, social media, and even government systems. Whenever information needs to be stored, searched, sorted, or analysed, SQL plays a central role.

To put it simply, SQL is the language of data.
It helps us ask questions, uncover patterns, and manage information in a structured, reliable manner. Whether you are building a small application or a nationwide information system, SQL is one of the most important tools you will use.