| Platform | Description / Why Useful |
|---|---|
| CORE | Aggregates millions of open-access research papers from repositories worldwide, free for everyone. (CORE) |
| DOAJ (Directory of Open Access Journals) | A large directory of peer-reviewed open-access journals across disciplines — all freely accessible. (Directory of Open Access Journals) |
| PubMed Central (PMC) | For life-sciences, medicine, biology: provides free full-text articles and biomedical research papers. (Bestcolleges.com) |
| ScienceOpen | Open-access platform for research articles and preprints; useful for many scientific disciplines. (ScienceOpen) |
| Institutional / University Repositories / Preprint Archives | Many universities maintain open repositories; repositories listed in OA directories host theses/papers free. (Open Access Network) |
| Search Engines + Tools: Unpaywall, Google Scholar + “All versions”, etc. | They help discover legal free versions of research articles (preprint, author’s copy, or open-access version). (IFIS) |
Tips When Using These Sites:
First search by paper title, DOI, or author name — many papers are freely available but not obvious.
Use preprint archives or institutional repositories — authors often upload free versions of their papers there.
Prefer open-access journals or outlets — they legally offer free downloads without paywalls.
Use browser tools/extensions (like Unpaywall) that automatically find legal free versions if available.