Asp.net introduction: ASP.NET is a web development framework that allows developers to create dynamic, data-driven web applications. It was developed by Microsoft and is built on top of the .NET framework.

Table of Contents

ASP.NET provides a variety of tools and services that simplify the development process, such as a built-in web server, a powerful code editor, and a large collection of pre-built components and libraries.

One of the main advantages of ASP.NET is that it allows developers to create web applications using multiple programming languages, such as C#, Visual Basic, and F#. It also supports a wide range of web technologies, including HTML, CSS, and JavaScript.

ASP.NET is widely used by businesses and organizations to create web applications that are secure, reliable, and scalable. It has become one of the most popular web development frameworks in use today and is constantly evolving to meet the changing needs of the web development community.

Understanding role of Web Servers and Web Browsers

A web server is a software program that processes requests from clients (usually web browsers) and delivers web pages and other web content to them over the internet. It stores and manages web pages, images, videos, and other files that make up a website.

In simpler terms, a web server is like a storehouse where all the website files are kept, while a web browser is like a window through which users can access and view those files. The web browser sends a request to the web server asking for a specific webpage, and the web server responds by sending the requested content back to the browser.

HTTP Protocol

HTTP (Hypertext Transfer Protocol) is a protocol that is used for transmitting data over the internet. It is the foundation of data communication on the World Wide Web and is used by web browsers and servers to exchange information.

HTTP Request Structure

An HTTP (Hypertext Transfer Protocol) request is a message that a client (such as a web browser) sends to a server to request web content. An HTTP request is made up of several parts:

Request line: This includes the HTTP method (GET, POST, etc.), the requested URL, and the HTTP version.
Headers: These are optional and provide additional information about the request, such as the type of data the client accepts or the language the client prefers.
Body: This is also optional and contains any data that needs to be sent along with the request, such as form data or file uploads.

GET /index.html HTTP/1.1
Host: www.example.com
User-Agent: Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 10.0; Win64; x64; rv:87.0) Gecko/20100101 Firefox/87.0
Accept: text/html,application/xhtml+xml,application/xml;q=0.9,image/webp,/;q=0.8
Accept-Language: en-US,en;q=0.5
Connection: keep-alive
Upgrade-Insecure-Requests: 1

HTML and JavaScript

Understanding HTML Form Tag and elements within it:-

The HTML <form> tag is used to create an area in a web page where users can input data and submit it to a server for processing. The <form> tag contains various elements that define the inputs and the action to be performed when the form is submitted.

Here are some of the elements that can be included in an HTML <form> tag:

<input> element: This is used to define different types of input fields, such as text, password, checkbox, radio button, etc.
<textarea> element: This is used to define a multi-line input field where users can enter longer text.
<select> and <option> elements: These are used to create drop-down menus, where users can select one option from a list of options.
<button> element: This is used to create a clickable button that can be used to submit the form.
<label> element: This is used to associate a label with an input field, providing a description of what the field is used for.
action attribute: This is used to define the URL to which the data will be sent when the form is submitted.
method attribute: This is used to define the HTTP method (GET or POST) that will be used to submit the form data.

Javascript using Sample Programs

Here are some simple JavaScript programs with explanations:

Program to display a message in a pop-up window

Program to change the text of an HTML element

<script> var num1 = 5; var num2 = 10; var sum = num1 + num2; document.write("The sum of " + num1 + " and " + num2 + " is " + sum + "."); </script>

ASP Basics

Introduction to ASP: ASP (Active Server Pages) is a server-side scripting technology developed by Microsoft for creating dynamic web pages and web applications. ASP allows developers to embed server-side scripts in HTML pages that are executed by the web server before being sent to the client’s browser.

ASP scripts can be written in a variety of languages, including VBScript and JScript, and can be combined with HTML code to create dynamic web pages that can interact with databases, perform calculations, and manipulate data.

How ASP Works

ASP (Active Server Pages) is a server-side scripting technology that works by combining server-side scripts and HTML code to create dynamic web pages and web applications.

When a client requests an ASP web page, the web server processes the page by running any server-side scripts embedded in the page. The server-side scripts can be written in languages such as VBScript or JScript and are executed on the server before the resulting HTML code is sent to the client’s browser.

The server-side scripts can interact with databases, perform calculations, and manipulate data before sending the resulting HTML code to the client’s browser. This allows ASP pages to be highly dynamic, responding to user inputs and adapting to changing data in real-time.

ASP Objects

ASP (Active Server Pages) includes a number of built-in objects that provide developers with a range of powerful tools for creating dynamic web applications. Here are some of the most commonly used ASP objects:

Request: The Request object is used to retrieve values from HTTP requests, such as form data, query string parameters, and cookies.
Response: The Response object is used to send output back to the client’s browser, including HTML, text, and binary data.
Session: The Session object is used to store user-specific data between requests, such as user preferences or shopping cart items.
Application: The Application object is used to store data that is shared across all users of the application, such as global settings or data from a database.
Server: The Server object provides access to a range of server-level functions, such as reading and writing files, managing sessions, and performing server-side includes.
Error: The Error object provides information about any errors that occur during the execution of an ASP page, including details about the error message, line number, and file name.

Sample Programs

<% If Request.Form("name") <> "" Then Response.Write "Hello, " & Request.Form("name") & "!" Else %> <% End If %>

ASP.NET Introduction & Controls

ASP.NET is a web application framework developed by Microsoft that allows developers to create dynamic and interactive web applications using a variety of programming languages, such as C#, VB.NET, and F#. It is a successor to the earlier ASP (Active Server Pages) technology and offers many new features and improvements.

One of the key features of ASP.NET is its use of server-side controls, which allow developers to create complex web applications without having to write a lot of custom code. These controls can be added to web pages using drag-and-drop tools in Visual Studio or by writing code directly in the ASP.NET page.

Some of the most commonly used ASP.NET controls include:

Label: Displays text on the web page.
TextBox: Allows users to enter text.
Button: Triggers an action when clicked.
DropDownList: Provides a list of options for the user to select from.
GridView: Displays data in a tabular format.
Calendar: Allows users to select a date from a calendar view.

These controls can be customized and combined in various ways to create rich and interactive web applications. In addition to controls, ASP.NET also includes many other features, such as caching, authentication, and session management, that make it a powerful and flexible platform for web development.

First ASP.NET Application

Here are the steps to create your first ASP.NET application using Visual Studio:

Open Visual Studio and select “Create a new project” from the start page.
In the “New Project” dialog box, select “ASP.NET Web Application” and choose a name and location for your project. Click “Create”.
In the next dialog box, select “Web Application” as the project template and click “Create”.
Visual Studio will create a new ASP.NET project with a default web page called “Default.aspx”. You can modify this page by dragging and dropping controls from the “Toolbox” onto the page or by editing the HTML code directly.
Run the project by clicking the “Start” button in Visual Studio or by pressing F5. This will launch the project in your default web browser.
If everything is working correctly, you should see the default web page displayed in the browser.

Congratulations! You have created your first ASP.NET application. From here, you can continue to add new pages, controls, and functionality to your application using the tools and features provided by Visual Studio and the ASP.NET framework.

Event Handler Parameters

In ASP.NET, event handlers are methods that are executed in response to a particular event being raised by a control on a web page. For example, when a button is clicked, the “Click” event is raised and an associated event handler method is executed.

Event handler methods can accept parameters that provide additional information about the event that was raised. The specific parameters that are available depend on the type of event being handled.

For example, the “Click” event handler for a button control might have the following signature:

Protected Sub Button1_Click(ByVal sender As Object, ByVal e As EventArgs) Handles Button1.Click

In this case, the event handler method takes two parameters:

The “sender” parameter is an object that represents the control that raised the event (in this case, the Button control).
The “e” parameter is an object of type EventArgs (or a derived class) that provides additional information about the event.

Other types of events might provide different parameter types. For example, the “SelectedIndexChanged” event of a DropDownList control provides a parameter of type “EventArgs” as well as a parameter of type “DropDownListEventArgs” that contains information about the selected item.

Dynamically initializing Controls

In ASP.NET, you can dynamically initialize controls on a web page at runtime, rather than specifying them in the page markup. This allows you to create controls programmatically and add them to the page based on specific conditions or user input.

Here is an example of how to dynamically initialize a TextBox control in ASP.NET:

Protected Sub Page_Load(ByVal sender As Object, ByVal e As EventArgs) Handles Me.Load
Dim myTextBox As New TextBox()
myTextBox.ID = "MyTextBox"
myTextBox.Text = "Enter text here"
form1.Controls.Add(myTextBox)
End Sub

Comparison between Html Controls and WebControls

HTML controls and WebControls are both used to create user interface elements in ASP.NET web applications. However, there are some key differences between them.

HTML controls are standard HTML tags that are used to create form elements such as text boxes, buttons, checkboxes, and dropdown lists. They are simple to use and can be easily customized using CSS styles. HTML controls are lightweight and have a small footprint, which makes them suitable for simple applications that don’t require advanced functionality or server-side processing.

WebControls, on the other hand, are a set of ASP.NET-specific controls that provide more advanced functionality than HTML controls. WebControls are server-side controls that are processed on the server before being sent to the client’s browser. This allows them to provide features such as data binding, validation, and event handling, which are not available in HTML controls.

ASP.NET Architecture

ASP.NET is a web application framework developed by Microsoft for building dynamic web applications, web services, and websites. The ASP.NET architecture includes several key components that work together to provide a powerful and flexible platform for web development.

HTTP Protocol – ASP.NET is built on top of the HTTP protocol, which is the primary protocol used by the web. HTTP requests are processed by the ASP.NET runtime and translated into responses that can be sent back to the client’s browser.
Web Server – ASP.NET applications run on a web server, which is responsible for receiving HTTP requests, processing them, and sending responses back to the client. The most common web servers used with ASP.NET are Internet Information Services (IIS) and Apache.
Web Forms – Web Forms are the building blocks of ASP.NET applications. They are used to create the user interface of web pages, and include controls such as text boxes, buttons, and dropdown lists.
Page Controller – The Page Controller is responsible for processing user input and responding to events such as button clicks and form submissions. It includes event handlers that are triggered by specific events and can execute code in response.
Server Controls – Server Controls are reusable components that provide functionality such as data binding, validation, and user interface elements. They can be customized and extended to meet specific application requirements.
State Management – State Management is the process of storing and retrieving data between requests. ASP.NET provides several mechanisms for state management, including session state, view state, and application state.
Data Access – ASP.NET includes a powerful data access framework called ADO.NET, which provides tools for working with databases, data sources, and data-bound controls.
Security – ASP.NET provides built-in security features to protect against common web vulnerabilities such as cross-site scripting (XSS) and SQL injection attacks. These features include authentication, authorization, and encryption.

What is AppDomain?

In the .NET Framework, an AppDomain is a lightweight, isolated container that is used to run a set of .NET code. It is an application-level boundary that separates one set of code and data from another and provides a secure and reliable execution environment for applications.

Each AppDomain has its own set of resources, such as memory, thread pool, and security context, which are isolated from other AppDomains running on the same machine. This allows multiple applications to run in the same process space without interfering with each other.

Life Cycle of ASP.NET Page

The life cycle of an ASP.NET page is the sequence of events that occur from the time the page is requested by the client to the time the response is sent back to the client. The following are the different stages in the life cycle of an ASP.NET page:

Page Request: When a user requests an ASP.NET page, the web server receives the request and creates an instance of the Page class to handle the request.
Start: In this stage, the Page class initializes properties such as ViewState and the Control collection and raises the Page_Init event.
Initialization: In this stage, the Page class initializes controls on the page, sets properties, and raises the Init event for each control.
Load ViewState: ViewState is a mechanism used to persist control values across postbacks. In this stage, the page loads the ViewState data for each control.
Load Postback Data: If the page is being submitted as a postback, the data submitted by the user is loaded in this stage.
Load: In this stage, the Page class loads control properties with values from the ViewState or Postback data, and raises the Load event for each control.
Control Events: In this stage, control events such as button clicks and dropdown list selections are handled, and control properties are updated.
PreRender: In this stage, the Page class raises the PreRender event for each control, and performs any necessary cleanup or finalization.
Save ViewState: In this stage, the page saves the ViewState data for each control, so that it can be used in the next postback.
Render: In this stage, the Page class generates the HTML markup for the page and sends it back to the client in response.
Unload: In this stage, the Page class disposes of resources used during the page request and raises the Unload event for each control.

CSS & Themes

Work with CSS
Use Themes to Customize a Site
Name Skins within a Theme
Do server-side Styles using Themes
Add contents of a Theme and Skin
Apply themes and Profiles .

Redirecting User to Another Page

Redirecting Options
Response.Redirect
Server.Transfer
Cross Page Postback
Determine how the pages were invoked
Passing values between pages

Master Pages

Introduction to MasterPage
ContentPlaceHolder and Content tags
Accessing controls of MasterPage in ContentPage
URLs in MasterPages
UniqueID and ClientID

Working with User Control

Overview of User Controls
Creating a User Control
Adding Properties to User Control
Adding Events to User Control
Using User Control in Web Form
Rendering Clients Scripts Using Page.ClientScript methods

Validation Controls

Base Validator
Required Field Validator
Compare Validator
Range Validator
Regular Expression Validator
Custom Validator
Causes Validation Property
Grouping – Validation Group Property
Page.Validators and Page.IsValid

ASP.NET State Management

Static Members
View State
Hidden Field in Form
Query String
HttpContext
Cookies-HttpCookie
Sessions-HttpSessionState
Application-HttpApplicationState
Summary of All Features

WebConfiguration File and Global.asax

Introduction to Configuration files
Page setting in web.config
Custom Errors
URL Re-Writing
Tracing
Using ConfigSource Attribute
Using Location Section
HttpApplication class-Global.asax

Authentication & Authorization

What are Authentication and Authorization
Types of Authentication
Forms Authentication
Role-based Authentication
Windows and Basic Authentication
What is ASP.NET Impersonation
Using the location section in web.config

Application Service Providers

ASP.NET Providers Introduction
Membership Providers
Role Providers
Writing Custom Providers
Profile Providers
Web Parts Personalization Providers

Data Bound Controls

Databinding traditional way
SqlDataSource
GridView
DetailsView
FormView
DataList
Repeater
ListView
DataPager

Web Caching

Why Caching
Types of Caching
i.Output Caching
ii. Fragment Caching
iii. Substitution Caching
iv. Data Caching
SQL Cache Invalidation

Globalization and Localization

Definitions
Creating Resource files for different cultures
Designing the WebForm & linking controls to keys in Resource files
Alternatives to initialize culture settings of the page.

AJAX.NET

What is AJAX
What is AJAX.NET
Script Manager
Update Panel
Update Progress
Timer
AJAX Control Toolkit

Routing

What is Routing?
Mapping Route to Physical file
Reading Route Parameters
Route Expression
Generate URL using Markup

Understanding & Publishing Web Applications

Introduction to ASP.NET Web Application
Advantages of IIS Applications
Creating web applications in IIS
Converting File System Application to IIS Application
Using Virtual Directory
Publishing ASP.NET Website
Culture-specific formatting

What is a database?

What is SQL and what is it used for?

What is a table in SQL?

Queryiest

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